【短语】1. for sure 肯定地，无疑地：We will win for sure. 我们肯定会赢。2. make sure 弄清，弄确实；设法，确保：Make sure you get here before five. 确保在5点前赶到这儿。/ Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of (getting) a seat. 早点去电影院以便能弄个座位。

【辨析】sure与certain：两者在表示“确信”、“一定”时，都用作表语，其用法异同如下：1.后接to do sth或of doing sth时，两者可互换，但这两个结构的含义稍有差别，前者表示说话者的看法，意为“一定会”、“肯定会”，后者表示句子主语的信念，意为“确信会”、“自信会”：He is sure[certain] to win. 他肯定会赢。/ He is sure[certain] of winning. 他自信会赢。2.类似以下这样的用it作形式主语的句子，通常要用certain，不用sure：It’s certain that he will win. 他肯定会赢。3.与动词be用于祈使句时，通常用sure，不用certain：Be sure to come early. 一定要早点来。

surf n.[U]浪花：Soon it disappeared in the surf. 它很快就在浪花中消失。vi.冲浪，参加冲浪运动：Let’s go surfing. 我们冲浪去。/ If the waves are big enough, we’ll go surfing. 如果浪大，我们就去冲浪。

surfer n.[C]冲浪者

surfing n.[U]冲浪(运动)：Surfing is very interesting. 冲浪很有意思。/ Do you like surfing? 你喜欢冲浪吗?

surprise vt.使惊奇，使诧异：It surprised me to see so many people there. 在那里看到那么多的人让我感到意外。/ I was much surprised at the news. 我听到消息非常吃惊。/ I am surprised to hear you say that. 听你这样说我感到很惊讶。 n. 1.[U]惊奇，诧异：His face showed surprise at the news. 他听到这个消息脸上露出吃惊的神色。2.[C]意外之事：What a surprise to see you here! 真想不到在这里见到你! / Her visit was a surprise to me. 她的访问出乎我的意料之外。

【短语】1. in surprise 吃惊地，惊讶地：He looked at her in surprise. 他吃惊地看着她。2. to one’s surprise 使…吃惊的是：To my surprise the door was not unlocked. 使我吃惊的是门没锁。

sweat n.[U]汗，汗水：I was covered in sweat after playing football. 我踢完足球浑身都是汗。vi.出汗，冒汗：We sweat when it is very hot. 天气很热时我们会出汗。/ If you get too hot your skin will sweat. 如果你太热你的皮肤会出汗。

sweater n.[C]运动衫，毛衣：In winter, he wears a wool sweater over his shirt. 冬天他在衬衣外面穿一件羊毛衫。/ He put on his sweater and went out. 他穿上毛衣就出去了。

Sweden n. 瑞典：During my stay in Sweden, I met Jim. 我呆在瑞典时见到了吉姆。

【背景】为北欧斯堪的那维亚半岛东部的一个国家，首都为Stockholm(斯德哥尔摩)。

Swedish adj.瑞典的，瑞典人的，瑞典语的 n.1.[U]瑞典语：He can speak Sweden. 他会说瑞典语。2.(连用the，表集合意义)瑞典人

sweep v. 扫除，扫：He swept the room. 他打扫房间。/ Sweep the floor clean. 把地扫干净。/ He swept the waste paper away. 他把废纸扫走了。/ Have you swept in here/ 这里面你打扫过了吗? n.(用单数)打扫，清扫：This floor needs a good sweep. 这地板需要好好清扫一下。/ He gave the room a good sweep. 他把这个房间扫得很干净。

sweet adj.1.甜的：She likes her tea sweet. 她喜欢喝甜茶。2.甜美的，愉快的，舒服的：She has a sweet voice. 她说话声音很甜。3.芳香的：These flowers have a sweet smell. 这些花有香味。4.可爱的，漂亮的：What a sweet girl! 多可爱的小姑娘! n. 1.[C]糖果：Don't eat too many sweets. 不要吃太多的糖果。/ May I have a sweet? 我可以吃一块糖吗? 2.[C,U]甜食：What are we having for sweet? 我们的甜食吃什么? / I don't want any sweet(s). 我不要吃甜食。

swim n.[C]游泳：Come for a swim! 来游一会儿泳！/ Let's go for a swim. 我们去游泳吧。/ I'll take you for a swim. 我将带你去游泳。v. 1.游泳：She is teaching the children to swim. 她在教孩子游泳。2. 游过，游(一段距离)：He swam (across) the river. 他游过了这条河。/ I can swim two miles. 我能游2英里。

swimming n.[U]游泳：a swimming pool 游泳池 / Swimming is a good form of exercise. 游泳是一种很好的运动。/ Swimming is good for health. 游泳有益健康。/ My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。

【辨析】swimming与swim：两者均可用作名词，表示“游泳”，区别是：swim是可数的，意为“一次游泳”：Let's go for a swim. 我们去游泳吧。/ I only had two swims last year. 我去年只游泳两次。swimming表示一般意义或泛指意义的游泳，是不可数名词。

Swiss adj.瑞士的，瑞士人的：This is my watch; it's a Swiss one. 这是我的手表，它是瑞士制的。n.[C]瑞士人：It was invented by a Swiss. 这是一位瑞士人发明的。/ The Swiss are clever at making watches. 瑞士人善于制表。

Switzerland n. 瑞士：He was born in Switzerland. 他生于瑞士。

【背景】为欧洲中西部的国家，公元10世纪成为神圣罗马帝国的一部分，1499年独立，首都为Bern(伯尔尼)，最大城市为Zurich(苏黎世)。

U

U.K./ UK (= United Kingdom) n. 英国，联合王国：in the UK 在英国

Um interj. 嗯：Um, let me think. 嗯，让我想想。

umbrella n.[C] 雨伞：May I borrow your umbrella? 我可否借一下你的雨伞? / Take an umbrella — it's going to rain. 带上伞吧，要下雨了。

U.N. /UN (=the United Nations) n. 联合国

uncle n.[C]叔，伯，舅，姑父，姨父：He is my uncle. 他是我的叔叔。/ I’m going to my uncle’s. 我将去我叔叔家。/ Hi, Uncle John. 约翰叔叔，你好。

under prep. 1.在…下面，在…以下：Put the box under the bed. 将盒子放在床下。/ They sat under the trees. 他们坐在树下。/ I think your letter is under that book. 我想你的信就在书下面。2.不满，少于：She is under thirty, I believe. 我想他未满30 岁。/ Under 90 people were there. 在那边的不足90人。/ The price is under five dollars. 价钱不到5美元。

【注意】under的基本意思是“在…下”，但并不是汉语中所有的“在…下”均可用under来翻译，如汉语说“在某人的帮助下”，英语要说成with one’s help，而不能说成under one’s help；又如汉语说“在阳光下”，英语要说成in the sun，而不能说成under the sun。

underground adj. 地下的：There is an underground room in the old house. 在老房子里有一个地下室。n.[C]地铁：He goes to work by underground. 他坐地铁上班。

undersea adj. 海底的：undersea boat 潜水艇

understand v. 1.懂得，明白，理解：Does he understand Chinese? 他懂中文吗？/ I didn’t understand what he said. 我不明白他的意思。/ A good teacher must understand children. 一个好的老师应该了解孩子。2.听说，知悉：I understand that you are planning to go to Africa. 我听说你计划到非洲去。

universe n.宇宙：God is believed to have made the universe.人们相信神创造了宇宙。/ Stars fill every part of the known universe. 星球存在于已知宇宙的每一个部分。

university n.[C]大学：I like this university. 我喜欢这所大学。/ Do you want to go to university? 你想上大学吗? / Which university did you go to? 你上的是哪所大学？/ Has he been to university? 他上过大学吗?

unknown adj. 不知道的：His plan is unknown to me. 他的计划我并不知道。/ It was unknown country to me. 这地区对我说来是陌生的。

unless conj. 如果不，除非：You won’t catch the bus unless you run. 除非你跑着去，否则你就搭不上公共汽车了。/ I shall go there tomorrow unless I'm too busy. 如果我不太忙，明天将到那儿去。

【注意】由于本身已含有否定意义，因此不要受 if...not 的影响而在unless后误加not，如不能把“如果不下雨，我们就去”译为We shall go unless it does not rain，应去掉not或改为We shall go if it doesn't rain.

unlike prep. 不像，和…不同：He was so unlike Englishmen.他那样不像英国人。/ It’s unlike him to say so. 讲那种话实在不像他。/ She is unlike her mother; she is tall and her mother is very short. 她不像她妈妈；她很高，而她妈妈很矮。

unlucky adj. 不幸的，倒霉的：They were unlucky to lose because they played so well. 他们很倒霉，打得那么好，却打输了。/ Some people say it is unlucky to walk under a ladder. 有人说在梯子下面走过去是不吉利的。/ Friday is believed to be an unlucky day. 星期五被认为是不吉利的日子。

until prep. 直到…为止：We can't go until Thursday. 我们要到星期四才能去。/ The restaurant is open until midnight. 这家餐馆营业到午夜十二点才关门。/ I waited until three o’clock, but he didn’t come. 我一直等到三点，但他没来。 conj. 在…以前，直到：He didn’t appear until the concert had begun. 直到音乐开始他才露面。/ Wait here until I come.在这里等到我来。

【考点】1. till的用法与until的用法基本相似(本词条中的until均可换成till)，只是until比till稍正式，且位于句首时多用 until。2.在肯定句中，句子(或主句)的谓语必须是持续性动词，不能是终止性动词，如可说I waited until he came. 但不能说I stopped until he came。3.在否定句中，句子(或主句)谓语可以是终止性动词，如可说I didn’t stop until he came(直到他来我才停止)。4.在否定句中，句子(或主句)谓语用持续性动词和终止性动词均可，但含义有区别：He didn’t wait until I came. 他没有等到我来(即在我来之前就走了)。/ He didn’t leave until I came. 直到我来他才走。

unusual adj.不平常的，异常的：This is an unusual hat. 这是一顶不寻常的帽子。/ Such cold weather is quite unusual. 这样冷的天气是很少的。

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