Ⅲ. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. （10%）

41. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a _________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.

42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: _________, semantic change and borrowing.

43. We might say that free morphemes are free _________.

44. The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called _________.

45. Semantic _________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.

46. Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully _________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.

47. Vocabulary is the most _________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.

48. Ambiguity often arises due to _________ and homonymy.

49. Idioms consist of set _________ and short sentences.

50. Monolingual dictionaries are written in _________ language.

Ⅳ. Define the following terms. （10%）

51. morpheme

52. homonym

53. connotation

54. elevation

55. idiom

Ⅴ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. （20%）

56. As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?

57. What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.

58. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.

Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.

59. How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?

Ⅵ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. （20%）

60. Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.

—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”

—“Long time no sea. ” the customer replied.(from www.yywrods.com)

61. Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.

（1）gold, bulb;

（2）deer, beast, animals;

（3）fortuitous, fruition.

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