中国古代常见独特事物的英译

（English for Some Unique Ancient Chinese Items）

■宣纸 rice paper

■衙门 yamen

■叩头 kowtow

■孔子Confucius

■牌楼 pailou；pai-loo

■武术 wushu（Chinese Martial Arts）

■功夫 kungfu ；kung fu

■中庸 the way of medium （cf. Golden Means）

■中和 harmony (zhonghe)

■孝顺 to show filial obedience

■孝子 dutiful son

■家长 family head

■三纲：君为臣纲，父为子纲，夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife

■五常：仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity

■八股文 eight-legged essays

■多子多福：The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness

■养儿防老：raising sons to support one in one’s old age